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Database management is a method of managing the information that supports a company’s business operations. It involves storing data, distributing it to users and applications and then modifying it if necessary and monitoring changes to the data and preventing the data from becoming corrupted by unexpected failures. It is one component of a company’s total informational infrastructure, which supports decision-making and growth of the company as well as compliance with laws like the GDPR and the California Consumer Privacy Act.

In the 1960s, Charles Bachman and IBM among others developed the first database systems. They evolved into information management systems (IMS) which made it possible to store and retrieve massive amounts of data for a variety of applications, from the calculation of inventory to supporting complicated financial accounting and human resources functions.

A database is tables that store data according to a particular schema, such as one-to many relationships. It uses primary key to identify records and permits cross-references among tables. Each table contains a set of attributes, or fields, which provide information about data entities. Relational models, invented by E. F. “TedCodd Codd in the 1970s at IBM as a database, are the most widely used type of database currently. This model is based upon normalizing the data, making it easier to use. It is also easier to update data since it doesn’t require the modification of various databases.

Most DBMSs can support multiple types of databases, offering internal and external levels of organization. The internal level is focused on the cost, scalability, and other operational issues, including the physical layout of the database. The external level is how the database appears in user interfaces and other applications. It can include a mixture of different external views that are based on different data models. It can include virtual tables that are calculated using generic data to improve the performance.